關於 be invested in ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

翻轉視界 18 Changing Perspective

There's not just one road to the destination, but many roads. You just need to take the little step that’s right in front of you, and then the next one, and a few years down the track, they will seem like massive achievements.

通往目的地的路不止一條，有很多路可走。你只需要邁出眼前這一小步，然後再邁出下一步，幾年下來，將會成為巨大成就。

文章來自於New Humans of Australia (有取得授權)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

I didn’t meet my father until I was 6 years old. My parents had a comfortable, middle-class life in Shanghai, or as close as you could get under communism. But they always wanted to live overseas, and just before I was born, my dad came to Sydney to set things up. I don’t know why, but in the end, my mother and I didn’t join him until I was 6.

•a middle-class life 中產階級生活
•set things up 打點一切
•live overseas 往海外生活
•in the end 最後 (表達在經過一段時間或一連串事件之後的結果)

直到六歲前我都未曾見過父親。我的雙親在上海過著舒適的中產階級生活，或著說，在共產階級下所能得到的最接近的生活。他們一直響往海外生活，就在我出生前，我父親來到雪梨打點一切。但不知何故，直到六歲那年我與母親才終於與父親團聚。

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Unfortunately, half a year after we arrived, he left us. That was a huge shock. Our transition had already been quite difficult, as we both didn't speak English. Also, as Shanghai was such a big bustling city, Sydney felt a bit like the countryside, especially on the weekends, as no shops were open back then!

•shock 令人震驚的事件（或經歷）；驚愕，震驚 (come as a great shock 讓人倍感震驚)
•transition 轉變；過渡
•a bustling city 繁華都會

不幸的是，就在我跟母親抵達半年後，父親離開了我們。這是個巨大的打擊，因爲我們不會說英文，在適應過渡期本就已過得相當艱辛。此外，不同於上海的繁華都會，雪梨更像鄉下，尤其在週末，那時連商店都不開門。

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We were very much reliant on my dad, not only financially, but also as a conduit into the wider community. So to have that broken was quite distressing. I remember Mum crying a lot. As we had become socially isolated, we didn’t find out anything about Centrelink, so we survived on her savings for a while, and then got some help from her family back in China.

•be reliant on… 依賴...
•a conduit into 進入...的渠道
•distressing (adj.) 令人苦惱的,令人擔憂的
•become socially isolated 變得孤立於社會
•survive on her savings 僅靠的她積蓄過日子

我們相當依賴我父親，不僅是經濟，他也是我們進入更廣泛社區的渠道。因此，當局面被打破時令人相當痛苦，我還記得母親時常哭泣。由於我們孤立於社會，所以我們並不知道澳洲社會福利聯絡中心 （Centrelink）的任何資訊，僅靠母親的積蓄支撐了一段時間，然後從母親在中國的娘家得到一些幫助。

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Eventually, Mum moved us down to Melbourne, where we were able to make some new networks and family friendships. But I was bullied a bit at school about things like my food and clothing! Whenever someone bullied me, I would defend myself, but because I didn’t have the language skills to explain to the teacher why, I got in trouble quite a bit. I ended up having to move school 3 times before I came to Balwyn Primary School, which was relatively multicultural.

•be able to 能夠
•make new networks 建立新的人脈，關係網
•be bullied 被霸凌
•language skills 語言能力
•get in trouble 惹上麻煩
•end up 最後處於；最後成爲；以…告終
•relatively 相對地
•multicultural 多元文化的

最後，母親帶著我搬遷到墨爾本，在那我們能夠建立起新的網絡與家庭情誼。然而。我在學校飽受霸凌，例如我的食物及衣物。每當有人霸凌我，我會自我防衛，但我的語言技巧不足以向老師解釋事發原因，因此常常陷入麻煩。後來我不得不再三轉學，直到就讀相對多元文化的博文小學（Balwyn Primary School）。

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After that, I did alright. Music featured very prominently in my life. I had started learning the violin from the age of 2.5 years old and even with all the troubles that were going on in my life, had somehow still kept up with it. As a result, I got a music scholarship to Trinity Grammar School. But even there I used to get into quite a lot of mischief, and would often skip school to go to the movies.

•do alight 過得不錯，做的不錯
•feature (v.) 以…為特色；給…以顯著的地位
•prominently 重要地；著名地；突出地，顯眼地

之後，我便過得不錯。音樂在我生活中佔有重要的一席之地，我從兩歲半開始學習小提琴，儘管生活中事事不如意，我依然堅持不輟。因此，我獲得三一文法學校（ Trinity Grammar School）的音樂獎學金。但即使在那，我也常惡作劇、逃學看電影。

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By the end of year 11, I was told I would have to either repeat the year, or consider going to another school, which was quite humiliating for my mum. I decided to move school and surprisingly, I ended up doing quite well in year 12! As a result, I ended up getting into a double degree in Law and Music at Monash.

•repeat the year 留級 ; 重唸一年
•humiliating 令人感到恥辱的，丟臉的

11年級結束時，我被告知要麽被留級，要麼考慮轉學，這對我母親來說相當丟人。我決定轉學，而令人驚訝的是，我在12年級的時候表現優異，最後錄取蒙納士大學法律與音樂雙學位。

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When I started, my first thought was that I didn’t belong because I had done so badly in school up to year 11 and everyone else seemed so smart. But I put my head down, got through it, and ended up getting a job in the legal department of a major manufacturing company, which was a different approach to what most law students do.

•do not belong 不屬於這
•put my head down 埋頭苦幹
•the legal department of ...的法律部門
•a different approach 不同途徑
•approach （思考問題的）方式，方法，態度

當我開始進入大學，最初的想法是我不屬於這，因為我在11年級前都表現不佳，而這裡的人似乎都聰明絕頂。但我埋頭苦幹，咬牙撐過，最後在一家大型製造公司的法律部門找到工作，這與多數法律系學生的途徑不同。

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I really enjoyed it. It was hard work, but I learned a lot of foundational business, legal and corporate communication skills. After that I worked in corporate governance in RMIT, then started to moonlight as a lecturer in the Law Faculty. Eventually, they asked me if I wanted to do a PhD and I blindly said yes! I next worked at Swinburne University, and then was head-hunted to lead the corporate legal team at the Commercial Passenger Vehicles Commission.

•foundational 基礎的
•communication skills 溝通技巧
•corporate governance
•moonlight (v.) （尤指瞞著僱主）從事第二職業，兼職
•headhunt (v.) 物色（人才）； 挖角
•legal team 法律團隊

我非常喜歡這份工作，這是份辛苦的工作，但我學習了很多基礎商業、法律以及公司溝通技巧。之後我在皇家墨爾本理工大學（ RMIT）從事公司治理工作，並開始兼職擔任法律系講師。後來他們問我是否想要讀博士，我便盲目地答應了。接下來，我在斯威本大學（Swinburne University）工作，再被挖角到商用小客車委員會領導法律團隊。

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I had a good life, but after a while, I realised I wanted a different kind of job. I could see my seniors were making a lot of money but that their family life was not that good. And looking at my own upbringing, I wanted to be the kind of father who could be present in my own kids’ lives. So I decided on dentistry. It would not only allow me to use the hand skills that I had developed from playing the violin, but also the analytical and reasoning skills that I'd developed in law. Plus it would be flexible, and offer me a stable income and the chance to meet different people every day!

•upbringing 教養
•decide on sth 決定某事或東西
•analytical and reasoning skills 分析和推理能力
•offer a stable income 提供穩定收入

我的生活很不錯，但一段時間後，我意識到自己想要一份不同的工作。我知道前輩們賺了很多錢，但他們的家庭生活並不美滿。看著自己的成長經歷，我想要成為可以在孩子生活中出席的父親，所以我決定改行當牙醫。這項職業能讓我使用從拉小提琴中發展出的手部技巧，也能運用我在法律中發展出的分析與推理技能。此外，這個職業相當靈活，能為我提供穩定收入，並有機會每天與不同的人見面。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

My now fiancée, who was my girlfriend at the time, was also applying for further study, and coincidentally we both got into university in South Australia, so we moved to Adelaide together a few years ago.

•fiancée 未婚妻
•at the time 當時
•apply for 申請
•further study 繼續教育，進修；進一步研究；深造
•coincidentally 碰巧地；巧合地

我的未婚妻，當時的女友，也申請繼續深造，巧的是我們都考上南澳大學（University of South Australia)，所以幾年前一起搬到阿得雷德（ Adelaide）。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

I was lucky to get a university job at Flinders University. Initially, I started out as a casual lecturer in the law school, but I’ve since transitioned into teaching health law and research, and I’m currently writing a few books on the intersection between law and medicine. And also, obviously, trying to finish my dentistry degree!

•start out as… 起初擔任...
•transition into… 轉變到...

我很幸運的在福林德斯大學（Flinders University）找到工作，起初我在法學院擔任臨時講師，但我後來轉換到醫事法教學及研究。目前我正撰寫幾本關於法律與醫學相接的書籍，並努力完成我的牙醫學位。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Mum eventually retrained as a Chinese high school teacher, and she’s still teaching to this day. Like most first generation migrants, she struggled quite a lot, and invested heavily in my success. After we’re married, my fiancée and I are planning to have children, and I’m sure they will have it much easier than I did.

•retrain 重新培養；再培訓；再訓練
•to this day 至今
•first generation migrants 第一代移民
•struggle a lot 掙扎奮鬥許久
•have it much easier 過的比較輕鬆

我的母親最終重新接受培訓，成為一名中文高中老師並執教至今。如同大多數第一代移民，她掙扎奮鬥許久，並為我的成功投資甚多。我與未婚妻打算婚後生孩子，我確信孩子會過的比我輕鬆得多。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Still, a lot of the failures that I’ve had in my life have really informed a lot of my successes. Looking back, I wouldn't really want to change that to have a smoother life.

•inform [正式] 影響某人的態度或意見
https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/inform

•have a smoother life 有一個更順遂的人生

我的生活中的種種失敗確實為我的成功提供借鑑。回首過去，我不會想要改變那些坎坷經歷去擁有一個更順遂的人生。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Over the years, I've learned that perseverance is very important. I hope that through telling my story, I can be an example to others who might be in a similar position as I was: to show that there's not just one road to the destination, but many roads. You just need to take the little step that’s right in front of you, and then the next one, and a few years down the track, they will seem like massive achievements.

•over the years 多年來
•perseverance 不屈不撓，堅持不懈
•be an example 成為榜樣
•be in a similar position 處於相似的處境
•down the road/line/track 將來(的路)

多年來，我學到堅持不懈是至關重要的。我希望透過講述自己的故事，能成為其他可能與我有相似處境的人的榜樣：向他們展示通往目的地的路不止一條，有很多路可走。你只需要邁出眼前這一小步，然後再邁出下一步，幾年下來，將會成為巨大成就。

有興趣的同學可以支持New Humans of Australia

www.patreon.com/newhumansofaustralia

Photographer: Paul Heinrich instagram.com/paulfheinrich

文章與圖片出處: https://bit.ly/2XJsciq

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翻轉視界: http://bit.ly/3fPvKUs

批判性思考問題大全: http://bit.ly/34rdtJ7

［今日寫呢啲］ 點算好？有乜點算好。葉念琛話齋，the best plan is no plan！

TLDR：港股廢，美股貴。不如日本股？「其實有啲又貴又廢」

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已烴2000人訂！多謝大家！Two thousand people can't be wrong！（扯，幾百萬人冇訂添！）．下一個目標當然係攞你命3000！

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月頭訂最抵！一週年！比別人知得多。subscribe now（https://bityl.co/4Y0h）。Ivan Patreon，港美市場評點，專題號外，每日一圖，好文推介。每星期6篇，月費100． 畀年費仲有85折，20/40年費VIP 送本人著作一本。

係喎，而家買埋日本股。喂香港8點開市喎，然後冬令美股就5點收。「咁你咪唔使瞓？」。傻啦，好多時我瞓到香港收市都未起身！

有啲人以為要「睇住個市」，係唔使的，至少我唔使。我做分析員早期，未有埃瘋，我甚至係股價都唔睇的。好似頭文字D定極速傳說咁，個儀錶板都拆埋！人要勁過車嘛！唔好畀個股價帶住你行。

不過而家買日本股就要早啲起身，因為香港2點就收市。

係喎，今日就買！買唔切就星期一買，唔得就星期二！唔爭在一兩日。但總之會買。名單都有埋，星期六Patreon專題會公開

都揀咗25隻，「但邊買得晒」，因為日本股要100股咁買，咁任天堂之類，40萬港股一手。「唔係冇40萬但唔會咁買」，雖然有ADR，所以咪要度下先．星期六Patreon專題會分析，但只係片面，25隻股呀，一隻寫100字你都嫌長啦。咁你計下100字，扣除公司名（中文日本英文）同埋冧把，仲有幾多隻字？

但真的，星期六Patreon就公開埋嗰25隻日本股。垃圾倉2.0（日本冇垃圾？），但不能每隻3000港紙

你見要講日本，證明其他嘢都冇乜好講。騰訊夠晒慘烈，但我係悲觀嘅樂觀者。2018插一半都係咁啦（今次都差不多），之後咪又升幾倍。「今次唔同」。刁，真係由2004年我做金融，每一次啲友都係咁講。

你話港股好差？今年不過跌6%，同美股歐股日本股梗係好差，但你話世界末日？大把更差嘅年份啦。奉旨要贏錢？

你話買科技股買國企指數唔止輸6%，刁，呢啲就你個人問題啦。你鍾意all in嘛，咪all blood，關人春事。我啲港股輸少過6%添，況且仲要有美股。「仲有ASML LVMH 愛馬士呢啲歐洲嘢」

至於騰訊會點？唔知，唔想知。我好奇怪點解你覺得自己會知。呢啲咪我早兩日寫文講，唔易睇得出嘅極度自大咯。點解你要覺得自己乜都有諗法？承認自己唔識，真係咁難（我日日都話自己唔識tech架，不過ASML日日新高）？好多嘢控制唔到，集中去睇啲你控制到嘅嘢吧。

恒大？答案一樣。爆唔爆煲？唔知，唔想知，關我乜事？點解你覺得自己知？

況且，「爆煲」都有好多種，死還死七孔流血還七孔流血，海航爆咗煲未？港航又爆咗煲未？國泰呢？你啲網友個個都話中國爆咗煲添。但我只知道上證指數而家升到今年高位（你冇睇錯）。

我搞呢個Patreon，最開心嘅，就係卒之可以唔使唔識扮識。講真的，返工或上電視就不能咁啦，點都要唔識扮識．講過啦，因為呢個世界係獎勵啲唔識扮識嘅人嘛，你條肥仔上電視隻鳩隻都話唔識，節目導演下次都搵第個啦。打工亦係，個客嚟問我老細嘢，佢梗係彈畀我（因為除咗佢睇嗰行，佢真係乜七都唔識），咁我答唔識，佢又覺得我廢啦。

咁我當然係玩唔識扮識—咁我先可以搵夠錢，脫離呢個遊戲嘛！我在Patreon就唔會同讀者咁虛偽！因為讀者真金白銀支持我嘛。你見好多人嚟問我邊隻邊隻點睇，我都答佢我唔知。

做乜去討論恒大？爆又點？你瞓身沽空港股？唔爆又點？你瞓身買？我又冇買恒大，又冇叫過你買，關我乜事？

咁至於你啲網友話骨牌效應呀乜乜，冇量化嘅，講乜都係廢話。我咪幫你計下數，Patreon有講。

但，畢菲特嘅名句，Ships will sail around the world, but the Flat Earth Society will flourish

邊鳩次唔係乜都講到骨牌效應，一間爆一百間爆然後核戰全球冚球鏟？蘇伊士運河塞咗架船又全球供應鏈中段，韓仔基金爆煲又銀行唔掂，負油價又頁岩氣公司爆煲銀行唔掂。我話你知銀行好撚掂，你顧掂自己先啦。

美股嘅，連跌4日嘛，但都未夠1%。Patreon入面有講，今年高位最多都係跌過4%，你可以睇下歷史上有幾多次係咁。係咪好事？你係fully invested 咪好事。但你話等調整等等等，咪你嘅事

然後，不經不覺美股見底都一年半，標指低位升咗100%。但你話已經過籠？咁Patreon入面有話你知，一個牛市可以升幾耐，同埋可以升幾多

幾時都話，人太過短視，無限放大咗呢刻嘅波幅，但又睇唔到長遠嘅走勢。

最後，兩隻美股。講明先。冇！叫！你！買！ 我都冇買。咪到時輸咗錢又嚟嘈（雖然就算我叫你買，輸咗錢都唔使嚟嘈的，因為我好似冇拎支槍指住你，亦冇因為你買嘢要有佣收）

先講LuluLemon，應該好多人知個故事。我都好早知間公司，香港未開已知，仲要係個阿叔話我知的。咁而家梗係易估，個個WFH嘛，啲瑜珈褲 六七舊水一條，食水極深。剛剛個業績勁爆，一出業績升10%

但有時又唔係咁簡單啦。彼德林治呢套「生活搵投資點子」嘅東西，而家難咗好多，因為資訊太發達。

特別潮牌，好睇唔好食，你睇Under Armor 而家股價只係高位一半，A&F亦都係。LuluLemon過去5年升500%，但今年其實大幅跑輸大市。點去捉？Patreon入面講了

Accenture嘅，近排被爆料有個好正點嘅業務（雖然唔係咩秘密），幫啲科企執屎，好好搵的。唔通科企啲工程師自己執咩，又總不能請啲南亞仔做全職畀佢地同啲工程師一齊在飯堂食壽司嘛。聽落冇乜技術含量，都係搵啲南亞仔，但，你又諗下在科企嘅角度，畀多啲錢唔緊要，但最緊要做得好睇，唔好有手尾，所以你細公司好難拎到生意。另外，雖然唔係火箭數學，但你要搞掂成班南亞仔，唔好爆鑊，都真係唔係咁易。

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哈佛知識分享: 第三集(合共七集) What is competitive advantage? What is your value chain? 什麼是競爭優勢? 什麼是企業價值鏈?

仲記得我喺哈佛讀行政人員課程嘅時候，教授 Michael Porter 考考我哋, "In business, is strategy more important or excution more important?" 做生意，策略重要啲? 定執行力重要啲? 等陣同你解釋。

上兩集同你講咗你應該點諗「競爭」? 行業的五加一動力點影響你嘅利潤。今集同你分享下企業價值鏈點影響你的競爭優勢? 策略/執行力，邊個重要啲?

全文內容:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/10iTzUHyqrhcLvrfYHqZhu8tNpT-jnzKWVhVls09ciWk/edit?usp=drivesdk

。。。。。

My hobby 《星期六早餐會》!

七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying "Michael Porter" to your business: How to compete and win!

哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏?

講起哈佛策略教授， 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程， 今次早餐會同你分享，希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。

有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。

7月/8月/9月份，逢星期六早上9時開始，約三小時半。地點中環。

對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層，連我限4位。

有興趣參加的話，請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。

我唔係靠呢行搵食，免費，我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwin

www.edwinlee.com.hk
www.bwfund.com

聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143

。。。。。。。。。

先講何謂「競爭優勢」Competitive Advantage?

Michael Porter 話 "If you have a real competitive advantage, it means that compared with rivals, you operate at a lower cost, command a premium price, or both."

如果你有真正的「競爭優勢」，相比起競爭對手，你就有低啲嘅成本，或高啲嘅售價，或兩個都有。

"Competitive advantage is a relative concept. It's about superior financial performance." by Michael Porter

競爭優勢是相對的。 係代表你財務回報做得好過你同行的競爭對手。

唔單止做得好，而係要賺錢多過人。記住，上集我同你講:

"The real point of competition is not to beat rivals. It's to earn profits."

競爭，最重要唔係打低競爭對手，而係要賺錢!

何謂賺錢? Michael Porter 嘅定義唔係純粹睇個大數。 他話賺100蚊嘅公司，唔係一定叻過賺90蚊嘅公司。 因為話唔定賺100蚊嘅公司，佢就投資咗1000蚊，先賺100蚊。 但賺90蚊嘅公司，投資咗500蚊已賺賺到90蚊。 咁後者又何必再投資多500蚊，去賺嗰剩餘嘅10蚊。 因為呢500蚊可以投資喺第二度可能有更高回報，何必為做而做呢?

因此 Michael Porter 睇嘅賺錢，係 measured by ROIC (Return On Invested Capital) 資本投資回報。 即係話你放咗幾錢入去盤生意，equity and debt combined, 資本又好、借又好， 賺錢回報率有幾多呢?

例如，你開間茶餐廳，你自己放咗100萬入去，問銀行借咗100萬裝修，合共投資200萬。開業後，未扣除銀行利息及稅務 (EBIT - Earnings Before Interest and Tax)，每年就賺40萬，咁你嘅 ROIC (Return on Invested Capital) 就係40除200，等如20%。

如果你再另外開多一間， 道理上因為經驗多咗啦，總部人手成本一樣，額外投資金額應該就會少咗，開始有 economy of scale (經濟規模效益)，當今次只係投資160萬，回報一樣每年40萬。ROIC 就係 25%。

Michael Porter 話， 如果你每開一間，你嘅投資回報 ROIC 會因為 economy of scale (經濟規模效益)而提升，why not! 開多幾十幾百幾千間都得。

但如果你開到某個程度，每開一間，你嘅投資回報 (ROIC) 就下降。 例如依家總投資要成200萬，由於市場開始飽和，每年賺錢只得額外20萬，資本投資回報只得10%。Michael Porter 話咁又何必再開呢? 因為咁樣只會把你整體嘅 ROIC (資本投資回報率)拉低。

做得大，唔代表賺錢。唔好為大而大。有時 Small is beautiful. 細有細嘅美麗。

美國最賺錢嘅航空公司 Southwest Airlines, 睇下呢幅圖， 過去幾十年佢嘅嘢 ROIC (Return on Invested Capital)，上面黑色條線，一直保持行內最高， 行內其他航空公司平均係每年回報3.1%， Southwest Airlines 就能夠做到每年回報11.4%，高出同行2.7倍， 肺炎前年年賺錢。

Southwest Airlines 創辦人 Herb Kelleher 曾經講過 ”Market share has nothing to do with profitability. Market share says we just want to be big; we don't care if we make money doing it. In order to get an additional 5% of the market, some companies increased their costs by 25%. That's really incongruous if profitability is your purpose."

佢話:「市佔率往往同利潤率無關係。 市佔率只係講大， 但未必賺到錢。 有啲公司為咗攞多5%額外市佔率， 願意洗多25%嘅成本， 咁樣同做生意要賺錢嘅理念係互相違背的。」

我自己做商舖基金都係一樣，我成日都話:「我情願人少啲，賺多啲」，遠遠好過「人多多，每人賺少啲!」 人少啲， 社運肺炎，咩風浪都經過起。 人多， 一闊三大，一個浪冚，好易玩完。

記住我上面提過「競爭優勢」就係: 「相比起競爭對手，你有低啲嘅成本，或高啲嘅售價，or both!」 咁點樣同樣嘅產品或服務，你嘅回報就更高。

"Strategy choices aim to shift relative price or relative cost in a company's favor." by Michael Porter

策略的選擇，目的是向公司有利的方向把相對的價錢或成本調整。

咁點選擇呢? 就係睇你條 「Value Chain 企業價值鏈」啦。

"The sequence of activities your company performs to design, produce, sell, deliver and support its products is called the value chain. " by Michael Porter.

由產品的設計、生產、銷售、送遞、到售後服務，這個流程就叫做企業價值鏈。

"A company's value chain is the collection of all its value-creating and cost-generating activities." by Michael Porter.

企業價值鏈係由所有為客戶增值及令企業增加成本的活動總和。

睇圖，Value Chain 包括 Primary Activities 主要活動 and Supporting Activities 輔助活動。入貨、加工、出貨就係你服務顧客啲主要活動。 公司嘅架構、人力資源、科技應用就係輔助活動。Michael Porter 話如果你要贏人, 你就要明白你以上嘅價值鏈每一步、 每個活動、 每個細節對人客嘅價值製造 (value creation) 同相關成本 (cost incurred)。

要勝出，你有兩個選擇:

(1) Compete on execution. Better operational effectiveness. Perform the same activities as rivals, but execute better. Be better, be the best!

用「執行力」去贏人。每一步，設計/入貨/生產/出貨，都同爭對手差不多，但執行得更好、更快、更準。成個流程成本平啲，人客滿意啲。 等於一間茶餐廳， 落單準啲、上菜快啲、 炒餸好味啲。 但教授 Michael Porter 話咁就好似隻老鼠喺個圈入面，operational effectiveness, 跑快啲跑快啲 ，be the quickest, be the best! 但其實不斷地都喺個圈入面跑緊。長遠，人或老鼠，始終會攰， 你好啲，但人哋都會改善追上。競爭對手就遲早令你競爭優勢難以維續。

(2) Compete on strategy. Perform different activities from rivals. Meet the different needs of customers at lower cost or higher price. Be unique.

用「策略」去贏人。設計/入貨/生產/出貨嘅價值鏈，同行內其他爭對手唔同。 明白唔同顧客，有唔同需求。 用低啲嘅成本或者高啲嘅售價，or both, 去滿足佢哋嘅需求。做唯一! Michael Porter 話咁就會令你 好似隻老鼠咁，跑出個圈，走條捷徑，帶你想去嘅地方。 只是專注，長遠你嘅競爭優勢更容易持續。

例如， 美國嘅航空公司過去幾十年都係非常之難做嘅行業，1980年起，ROIC Return on Invested Capital 資本投資回報平均只得每年3.1%。

但我上面提及的西南航空 Southwest Airlines，佢過去幾十年，由(1) 訂票 (只用自己網絡，唔用 agent， 慳番啲手續費) 、(2) 機種 (只用一種波音737，方便機司培訓同保養， 唔似得其他航空公司乜飛機種都有)、(3) 坐飛機無飛機餐(慳返成本及方便清潔)、(4) 無編定座位 (先上機先揀位坐， 唂啲人快啲上飛機，早啲開機)、至 (5) No connecting flights 無轉駁航班 (只有直接 point to point， 唔使等你或你啲行李轉機)， 仲有更多更多， 成條嘅 Southest Airlines Value Chain 價值鏈嘅活動，都係同行內競爭對手唔同。 雖然機票售價平啲，但佢成本更加平。咁亦都解釋咗點佢能夠咁多年來平均嘅資本投資回報率 ROIC 高達11.4%，高過同行競爭對手近三倍。

我自己做商舖基金都係一樣， 都係 compete on strategy. 如果我純粹低買，高賣舖。 我只可以靠買得平過人，沽得快過人去賺錢。 但長遠好難持續跑贏大市的優勢， 一個社運肺炎冚埋嚟， 馬上冚旗。

呢條係我哋公司商舖增值嘅價值鏈 (insert graph)， 由投資者集資、買舖、解除 order /裝修/分契、至「服務式商舖」搵合適租客 (諗計仔幫佢做多啲生意)、至宣傳推廣出售商舖及「三大保證」售後服務， 加上公司基本設施、人力資源、科技應用、採購流程嘅配合， 我相信香港無任何一個商舖投資者同我哋一樣為商舖增值。 我係舖市要跑贏大市，都係靠呢條 Value Chain 價值鏈。包括，買賣我基金單位嘅交易成本，遠遠低過買賣成間舖。租我哋舖做生意嘅風險，都遠遠低過租間不知名、無人跟進的舖。

咁亦都解釋咗點解，我哋用咗五年時間，今個月就用基金買入咗港幣第一個「10億」舖，前後60間街舖。萬事起頭難，我相信第二個「10億」舖，大約兩年內會完成。

根據哈佛教授 Michael Porter，只要條 value chain 企業價值鏈夠獨特及專注， 好難有另一個競爭對手入嚟係香港街舖嘅層面打低我哋。好多人會嚟抄我哋嘅 business model 商業模式，但佢唔會做舖。 佢會做工廈、商廈、住宅、農地、骨灰龕位、大灣區、非洲、火星，但佢唔做香港街舖。 因為個地頭已經畀我哋霸咗，佢點做都唔夠我哋熟。 唔通我講話我要買1000間香港街舖，佢講話要買2000間，邊個人會信佢! 佢話500間就不如唔好講。

當然，教授話任何 good strategy 都需要 good execution，無好嘅執行力，所有說話只係空談。因此我成日話「持續性、持續性、持續性地執行」好重要。

Both strategy and excution are important. 好嘅「策略」及好嘅「執行力」同樣重要。 只有好嘅 「執行力」，無「策略」，你會賺到錢，不過好大機會係細錢。 加埋好嘅「策略」，配合好嘅「執行力」，大錢就會嚟!

你盤生意呢? 你條企業價值鏈 Value Chain 又係點呢? 同人哋有乜唔同? Are you competing on good execution or good strategy? 你係執行力上贏人、定策略上贏人? 點樣做到成本平啲或收費高啲，or both 呢?

有興趣一齊研究多啲點做? 聽多啲 Michael Porter，就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下集我再同你講 (4) What is strategy? How do you create value? 什麼是策略 ? 你如何創造價值?

全文內容:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/10iTzUHyqrhcLvrfYHqZhu8tNpT-jnzKWVhVls09ciWk/edit?usp=drivesdk

。。。。。

My hobby 《星期六早餐會》!

七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying "Michael Porter" to your business: How to compete and win!

哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏?

講起哈佛策略教授， 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程， 今次早餐會同你分享，希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。

有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。

7月/8月/9月份，逢星期六早上9時開始，約三小時半。地點中環。

對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層，連我限4位。

有興趣參加的話，請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。

我唔係靠呢行搵食，免費，我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwin

www.edwinlee.com.hk
www.bwfund.com

聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143

#michael_porter, #競爭策略, #企業競爭優勢，#價值鏈

Biomutant Guide: How to Farm Bio Points
All Spot Bio Nucleus Farming Locations

In Biomutant, there are several different types of skill points that can be invested into abilities and upgrades. Depending on the type of skill point, these could be spent on resistances, mutation skills, Wung-Fu skills, or even weapon skills.

Bio Points are one of two skill point types that can be invested into mutation skills. Needless to say, you’re going to want a whole bunch of these (the game is called Biomutant, after all)

There are two different types of mutations in Biomutant:

Biogenetics and Psi. Biogenetic mutations grant you physical abilities

However, they also have another use: You can invest Bio Points into resistances. There are five main hazard types in the game: heat, cold, radioactive, hypoxia, and biohazard. You have resistances against all five, and Bio Points can be invested into all of them except for hypoxia. You’ll upgrade in increments of 10%, but upgrades will get more expensive as you get closer to 100%. And yes, you can upgrade to 100%, which allows you to travel through hazard zones without armor. Believe me, this is incredibly useful for late-game.

So where do you get these tasty, tasty Bio Points? Well, there are two ways to get them:

Harvest Bio Points from Bioblob Containers
Kill Morks to harvest Bio Points

So i Hope the video can help you guys.
Timeline For all Spot Farm:
00:00 Spot Farm #1 Bio Nucleus 10D
03:15 Spot Farm #2 Bio Nucleus 7H
07:18 Spot Farm #3 Bio Nucleus 6D
09:20 Spot Farm #4 Bio Nucleus 8C
11:14 Spot Farm #5 Bio Nucleus 10K

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Disclaimer (Important)

本文件所載資料僅供說明用途，並不構成於任何司法管轄區購買、銷售或認購任何證券或財務工具的任何建議、提呈或邀約。投資涉及風險，並不能保證本基金的表現將取得回報，或可能會出現取得零回報或損失所投資金額的情況。過往表現並不代表未來表現的指引。投資者在作出對本文件所載的基金的任何投資決定前，應閱讀本基金的基金說明書所載的詳情及風險因素。投資者應確保其完全明白本基金所附帶的風險，並且應考慮其本身的投資目標及風險承受程度。茲建議投資者在作出任何投資前，應徵求獨立專業意見。本基金的基金說明書可於本網站獲得。本文件所載若干資料由第三方來源編纂。未來資產環球投資（香港）有限公司（「未來資產香港」）已盡其努力以確保該等資料均屬準確、完整及最新，並且已採取審核措施以準確地複製有關資料，惟對於該等資料的準確性、任何用途或對此依賴並無責任或毋須負責。本產品並不是其指數公司所贊助，認可，發出，銷售或推廣，有關指數公司的詳情包括免責聲明，請參閱相關基金說明書。本文件的內容由未來資產環球投資(香港)有限公司編備及維持，並未經香港證券及期貨事務監察委員會審閱。

The information is for information purposes only and does not, constitute any recommendations, offer or solicitation to buy sell or subscribe to any securities or financial instruments in any jurisdiction. Investment involves risk. It cannot be guaranteed that the performance of the Product will generate a return and there may be circumstances where no return is generated or the amount invested is lost. Past performance is not indicative of future performance. Before making any investment decision to invest in the Product, investors should read the Product’s prospectus for details and the risk factors. Investors should ensure they fully understand the risks associated with the Product and should also consider their own investment objective and risk tolerance level. Investors are advised to seek independent professional advice before making any investments. Certain information is compiled from third party sources. Whilst Mirae Asset Global Investments (Hong Kong) Limited (“Mirae Asset HK”), the Manager of the Product, has, to the best of its endeavor, ensured that such, information is accurate, complete and up-to-date, and has taken care in accurately reproducing the information. Mirae Asset HK accepts no liability for, any loss or damage of any kind resulting out of the any loss or damage of any kind resulting out of the unauthorized use of the information. The Products are not sponsored, endorsed, issued, sold or promoted by their index providers. For details of an index provider including any disclaimer, please refer to the relevant Product’s offering documents. The contents of this information is prepared and maintained by Mirae Asset Global Investments (Hong Kong) Limited and has not been reviewed by the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong.
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免責聲明：《Raga Finance》竭力提供準確資訊，惟不保證絕對無誤，資訊如有錯漏而令閣下蒙受損失（不論公司是否與侵權行為、訂立契約或其他方面有關），本公司概不負責。

同時，《Raga Finance》所提供之投資分析技巧與建議，只可作為參考之用，並不構成要約、招攬、邀請、誘使、任何不論種類或形式之申述或訂立任何建議及推薦，讀者務請運用個人獨立思考能力自行作出投資決定，如因相關建議招致損失，概與《Raga Finance》主持、嘉賓、編輯及記者無關。

同時，《Raga Finance》所有節目或資訊，相關內容屬作者個人意見，並不代表《Raga Finance》立場。
Raga Finance
網址: www.ragafinance.com

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Disclaimer (Important)

本文件所載資料僅供說明用途，並不構成於任何司法管轄區購買、銷售或認購任何證券或財務工具的任何建議、提呈或邀約。投資涉及風險，並不能保證本基金的表現將取得回報，或可能會出現取得零回報或損失所投資金額的情況。過往表現並不代表未來表現的指引。投資者在作出對本文件所載的基金的任何投資決定前，應閱讀本基金的基金說明書所載的詳情及風險因素。投資者應確保其完全明白本基金所附帶的風險，並且應考慮其本身的投資目標及風險承受程度。茲建議投資者在作出任何投資前，應徵求獨立專業意見。本基金的基金說明書可於本網站獲得。本文件所載若干資料由第三方來源編纂。未來資產環球投資（香港）有限公司（「未來資產香港」）已盡其努力以確保該等資料均屬準確、完整及最新，並且已採取審核措施以準確地複製有關資料，惟對於該等資料的準確性、任何用途或對此依賴並無責任或毋須負責。本產品並不是其指數公司所贊助，認可，發出，銷售或推廣，有關指數公司的詳情包括免責聲明，請參閱相關基金說明書。本文件的內容由未來資產環球投資(香港)有限公司編備及維持，並未經香港證券及期貨事務監察委員會審閱。

The information is for information purposes only and does not, constitute any recommendations, offer or solicitation to buy sell or subscribe to any securities or financial instruments in any jurisdiction. Investment involves risk. It cannot be guaranteed that the performance of the Product will generate a return and there may be circumstances where no return is generated or the amount invested is lost. Past performance is not indicative of future performance. Before making any investment decision to invest in the Product, investors should read the Product’s prospectus for details and the risk factors. Investors should ensure they fully understand the risks associated with the Product and should also consider their own investment objective and risk tolerance level. Investors are advised to seek independent professional advice before making any investments. Certain information is compiled from third party sources. Whilst Mirae Asset Global Investments (Hong Kong) Limited (“Mirae Asset HK”), the Manager of the Product, has, to the best of its endeavor, ensured that such, information is accurate, complete and up-to-date, and has taken care in accurately reproducing the information. Mirae Asset HK accepts no liability for, any loss or damage of any kind resulting out of the any loss or damage of any kind resulting out of the unauthorized use of the information. The Products are not sponsored, endorsed, issued, sold or promoted by their index providers. For details of an index provider including any disclaimer, please refer to the relevant Product’s offering documents. The contents of this information is prepared and maintained by Mirae Asset Global Investments (Hong Kong) Limited and has not been reviewed by the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong.
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免責聲明：《Raga Finance》竭力提供準確資訊，惟不保證絕對無誤，資訊如有錯漏而令閣下蒙受損失（不論公司是否與侵權行為、訂立契約或其他方面有關），本公司概不負責。

同時，《Raga Finance》所提供之投資分析技巧與建議，只可作為參考之用，並不構成要約、招攬、邀請、誘使、任何不論種類或形式之申述或訂立任何建議及推薦，讀者務請運用個人獨立思考能力自行作出投資決定，如因相關建議招致損失，概與《Raga Finance》主持、嘉賓、編輯及記者無關。

同時，《Raga Finance》所有節目或資訊，相關內容屬作者個人意見，並不代表《Raga Finance》立場。
Raga Finance
網址: www.ragafinance.com